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<description>Stories posted in Supplementation</description>
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<pubDate>Mon, 21 May 2012 15:15:24 -0500</pubDate>
<item>
<title>effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/effects-on-mixed-muscle-protein-synthesis-at-rest-and-following-resistance-exercise-in-young-men/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ This study was designed to compare the acute response of mixed muscle protein synthesis (MPS) to rapidly (i.e., whey hydrolysate and soy) and slowly (i.e., micellar casein) digested proteins both at rest and after resistance exercise. Three groups of healthy young men (n = 6 per group) performed a bout of unilateral leg resistance exercise followed by the consumption of a drink containing an equivalent content of essential amino acids (10 g) as either whey hydrolysate, micellar casein, or soy protein isolate. Mixed MPS was determined by a primed constant infusion of L-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine. Ingestion of whey protein resulted in a larger increase in blood essential amino acid, branched-chain amino acid, and leucine concentrations than either casein or soy (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Mixed MPS at rest (determined in the nonexercised leg) was higher with ingestion of faster proteins (whey = 0.091 ± 0.015, soy = 0.078 ± 0.014, casein = 0.047 ± 0.008%/h); MPS after consumption of whey was ∼93% greater than casein (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and ∼18% greater than soy (P = 0.067). A similar result was observed after exercise (whey &amp;gt; soy &amp;gt; casein); MPS following whey consumption was ∼122% greater than casein (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and 31% greater than soy (P &amp;lt; 0.05). MPS was also greater with soy consumption at rest (64%) and following resistance exercise (69%) compared with casein (both P &amp;lt; 0.01). We conclude that the feeding-induced simulation of MPS in young men is greater after whey hydrolysate or soy protein consumption than casein both at rest and after resistance exercise; moreover, despite both being fast proteins, whey hydrolysate stimulated MPS to a greater degree than soy after resistance exercise. These differences may be related to how quickly the proteins are digested (i.e., fast vs. slow) or possibly to small differences in leucine content of each protein. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat, 12 May 2012 18:59:00 -0500</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/effects-on-mixed-muscle-protein-synthesis-at-rest-and-following-resistance-exercise-in-young-men/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The acute effects of the thermogenic supplement Meltdown on energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and hemodynamic responses in young, healthy males</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/the-acute-effects-of-the-thermogenic-supplement-meltdown-on-energy-expenditure-fat-oxidation-and-hemodynamic-responses-in-young-healthy-males/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ <b>Results:</b>
Hemodynamic variables (HR and BP) were not significantly affected prior to exercise with either supplement (p &amp;gt; 0.05) and the expected exercise-induced increases observed in HR and BP that decreased into recovery were not different between supplements (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Relative to any supplement-induced differences in exercise performance, VO2max assessed at each of the testing sessions demonstrated no significant differences between Meltdown and placebo (45.31 ± 6.10 vs. 41.69 ± 9.98 ml O2/kg/min, p = 0.185).
Meltdown increased REE significantly more than placebo at 45 min (1.44 ± 0.25 vs. 1.28 ± 0.23 kcal/min; p = 0.003) and 60 min (1.49 ± 0.28 vs. 1.30 ± 0.22 kcal/min; p = 0.025) post-ingestion. Furthermore, REE 60 min post-exercise (120 min following supplement administration) was significantly higher in the Meltdown group (1.51 ± 0.26 vs. 1.33 ± 0.27 kcals/min; p = 0.014) (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Over the course of the evaluation period, AUC analysis demonstrated that REE was significantly increased with Meltdown compared to placebo (992.5 ± 133.1 vs. 895.1 ± 296.1 kcals; p = 0.043) (Figure ​(Figure22). ]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 May 2012 03:46:11 -0500</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/the-acute-effects-of-the-thermogenic-supplement-meltdown-on-energy-expenditure-fat-oxidation-and-hemodynamic-responses-in-young-healthy-males/</guid>
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<title>beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters.</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/beta-alanine-supplementation-augments-muscle-carnosine-content-and-attenuates-fatigue-during-repeated-isokinetic-contraction-bouts-in-trained-sprinters/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Abstract
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine) is present in high concentrations in human skeletal muscle. The ingestion of beta-alanine, the rate-limiting precursor of carnosine, has been shown to elevate the muscle carnosine content. We aimed to investigate, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton MRS), whether oral supplementation with beta-alanine during 4 wk would elevate the calf muscle carnosine content and affect exercise performance in 400-m sprint-trained competitive athletes. Fifteen male athletes participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study and were supplemented orally for 4 wk with either 4.8 g/day beta-alanine or placebo. Muscle carnosine concentration was quantified in soleus and gastrocnemius by proton MRS. Performance was evaluated by isokinetic testing during five bouts of 30 maximal voluntary knee extensions, by endurance during isometric contraction at 45% maximal voluntary contraction, and by the indoor 400-m running time. beta-Alanine supplementation significantly increased the carnosine content in both the soleus (+47%) and gastrocnemius (+37%). In placebo, carnosine remained stable in soleus, while a small and significant increase of +16% occurred in gastrocnemius. Dynamic knee extension torque during the fourth and fifth bout was significantly improved with beta-alanine but not with placebo. Isometric endurance and 400-m race time were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, 1) proton MRS can be used to noninvasively quantify human muscle carnosine content; 2) muscle carnosine is increased by oral beta-alanine supplementation in sprint-trained athletes; 3) carnosine loading slightly but significantly attenuated fatigue in repeated bouts of exhaustive dynamic contractions; and 4) the increase in muscle carnosine did not improve isometric endurance or 400-m race time. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 09 May 2012 14:34:08 -0500</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/beta-alanine-supplementation-augments-muscle-carnosine-content-and-attenuates-fatigue-during-repeated-isokinetic-contraction-bouts-in-trained-sprinters/</guid>
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<title>Protein Ingestion Prior To Sleep Improves Post-Exercise Overnight Recovery.</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/protein-ingestion-prior-to-sleep-improves-post-exercise-overnight-recovery/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ The role of nutrition in modulating post-exercise overnight recovery remains to be elucidated. We assessed the impact of protein ingestion immediately prior to sleep on digestion and absorption kinetics and protein metabolism during overnight recovery from a single bout of resistance type exercise.
METHODS:
16 healthy young males performed a single bout of resistance type exercise in the evening (20:00) after a full day of dietary standardization. All subjects were provided with appropriate recovery nutrition (20 g protein, 60 g carbohydrate) immediately after exercise (21:00). Thereafter, 30 min prior to sleep (23:30 h) subjects ingested a beverage with (PRO) or without (PLA) 40 g specifically produced intrinsically [1-C]phenylalanine labeled casein protein. Continuous intravenous infusions with [ring-H5]phenylalanine and [ring-H2]tyrosine were applied with blood and muscle samples collected to assess protein digestion and absorption kinetics, whole-body protein balance and mixed muscle protein synthesis rates throughout the night (7.5 h).
RESULTS:
During sleep casein protein was effectively digested and absorbed resulting in a rapid rise in circulating amino acid levels which were sustained throughout the remainder of the night. Protein ingestion prior to sleep increased whole-body protein synthesis rates (311±8 vs 246±9 ∼mol·kg·7.5 h ) and improved net protein balance (61±5 vs -11±6 μmol·kg·7.5 h ) in the PRO vs PLA experiment, respectively; P&amp;lt;0.01). Mixed muscle protein synthesis rates were ∼22% higher in the PRO vs PLA experiment, which reached borderline significance (0.059±0.005 vs 0.048±0.004 %·h; P=0.05).
CONCLUSION:
This is the first study to show that protein ingested immediately prior to sleep is effectively digested and absorbed, thereby stimulating muscle protein synthesis and improving whole-body protein balance during post-exercise, overnight recovery. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 09 May 2012 04:15:13 -0500</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/protein-ingestion-prior-to-sleep-improves-post-exercise-overnight-recovery/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Placebos Are Getting More Effective. Drugmakers Are Desperate to Know Why.</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/placebos-are-getting-more-effective-drugmakers-are-desperate-to-know-why/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Merck was in trouble. In 2002, the pharmaceutical giant was falling behind its rivals in sales. Even worse, patents on five blockbuster drugs were about to expire, which would allow cheaper generics to flood the market. The company hadn't introduced a truly new product in three years, and its stock price was plummeting.

In interviews with the press, Edward Scolnick, Merck's research director, laid out his battle plan to restore the firm to preeminence. Key to his strategy was expanding the company's reach into the antidepressant market, where Merck had lagged while competitors like Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline created some of the best-selling drugs in the world. "To remain dominant in the future," he told Forbes, "we need to dominate the central nervous system."

His plan hinged on the success of an experimental antidepressant codenamed MK-869. Still in clinical trials, it looked like every pharma executive's dream: a new kind of medication that exploited brain chemistry in innovative ways to promote feelings of well-being. The drug tested brilliantly early on, with minimal side effects, and Merck touted its game-changing potential at a meeting of 300 securities analysts.... ]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2012 23:31:06 -0500</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/placebos-are-getting-more-effective-drugmakers-are-desperate-to-know-why/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Acute L-arginine alpha ketoglutarate supplementation fails to improve muscular performance in resistance trained and untrained men.</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/acute-l-arginine-alpha-ketoglutarate-supplementation-fails-to-improve-muscular-performance-in-resistance-trained-and-untrained-men/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ BACKGROUND:
Dietary supplements containing L-arginine are marketed to improve exercise performance, but the efficacy of such supplements is not clear. Therefore, this study examined the efficacy of acute ingestion of L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate (AAKG) muscular strength and endurance in resistance trained and untrained men.
METHODS:
Eight resistance trained and eight untrained healthy males ingested either 3000 mg of AAKG or a placebo 45 minutes prior to a resistance exercise protocol in a randomized, double-blind crossover design. One-repetition maximum (1RM) on the standard barbell bench press and leg press were obtained. Upon determination of 1RM, subjects completed repetitions to failure at 60 % 1RM on both the standard barbell bench press and leg press. Heart rate was measured pre and post exercise. One week later, subjects ingested the other supplement and performed the identical resistance exercise protocol.
RESULTS:
Our data showed statistical significant differences (p &amp;lt; 0.05) between resistance trained and untrained males for both 1RM and total load volume (TLV; multiply 60 % of 1RM times the number of repetitions to failure) for the upper body. However, 1RM and TLV were not statistically different (p &amp;gt; 0.05) between supplementation conditions for either resistance trained or untrained men in the bench press or leg press exercises. Heart rate was similar at the end of the upper and lower body bouts of resistance exercise with AAKG vs. placebo.
CONCLUSION:
The results from our study indicate that acute AAKG supplementation provides no ergogenic benefit on 1RM or TLV as measured by the standard barbell bench press and leg press, regardless of the subjects' training status ]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Apr 2012 03:13:32 -0500</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/acute-l-arginine-alpha-ketoglutarate-supplementation-fails-to-improve-muscular-performance-in-resistance-trained-and-untrained-men/</guid>
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<title>Dietary supplements for improving body composition: where is the evidence?</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/dietary-supplements-for-improving-body-composition-where-is-the-evidence/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ <b>Abstract</b>
Weight-loss supplements typically fall into 1 of 4 categories depending on their hypothesized mechanism of action: products that block the absorption of fat or carbohydrate, stimulants that increase thermogenesis, products that change metabolism and improve body composition, and products that suppress appetite or give a sense of fullness. 

Each category is reviewed, and an overview of the current science related to their effectiveness is presented. While some weight-loss supplements produce modest effects (&amp;lt;2 kg weight loss), many have either no or few randomized clinical trials examining their effectiveness. 

A number of factors confound research results associated with the efficacy of weight-loss supplements, such as small sample sizes, short intervention periods, little or no follow-up, and whether the supplement is given in combination with an energy-restricted diet or increased exercise expenditure. 

There is no strong research evidence indicating that a specific supplement will produce significant weight loss (&amp;gt;2 kg), especially in the long term. Some foods or supplements such as green tea, fiber, and calcium supplements or dairy products may complement a healthy lifestyle to produce small weight losses or prevent weight gain over time. 

Weight-loss supplements containing metabolic stimulants (e.g., caffeine, ephedra, synephrine) are most likely to produce adverse side effects and should be avoided. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Apr 2012 09:28:20 -0500</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/dietary-supplements-for-improving-body-composition-where-is-the-evidence/</guid>
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<item>
<title>The Facts on Waxy Maize, Vitargo, And Other Carbs!</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/the-facts-on-waxy-maize-vitargo-and-other-carbs/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ A few years back a bunch of studies supported the concept that both the timing and type of carbohydrate athletes used could have positive effects – for both aerobic and anaerobic oriented athletes. Since then there has been a rush to find the “best” pre and post workout carb source. 

As is typical for the bodybuilding/fitness industry, a new “miracle” carb source burst onto the market almost monthly promising muscle growth second only to an Anadrol* enema, but I digress… 

The point being, there’s been a great deal of information, misinformation, and down right disinformation, regarding these “amazing miracle anabolic” carb sources. 

The pinnacle of which, is Waxy Maize Starch (WMS), but before we get to that, let’s back up a second to recap why the focus on these carb sources... ]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 23 Feb 2012 12:46:29 -0600</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/the-facts-on-waxy-maize-vitargo-and-other-carbs/</guid>
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<title>Fitnessnahrung nicht nur für Bodybuilder</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/fitnessnahrung-nicht-nur-fur-bodybuilder/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Oft ist beim Fitness die Rede von Supplements. Das sind Ergänzungspräparate mit Eiweiß/Protein und Kohlenhydrate, die dem Fitnessbegeisterten helfen, sein Ziel, den Masseaufbau schneller zu erreichen. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 10 Oct 2011 09:38:12 -0500</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/fitnessnahrung-nicht-nur-fur-bodybuilder/</guid>
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<title>Of Super Nerds and Supplements: Why You DON’T Need a Bunch of Supplements for Health</title>
<link>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/of-super-nerds-and-supplements-why-you-dont-need-a-bunch-of-supplements-for-health/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ As you all know, I like supplements.  I don’t LOVE them, I don’t think they’re necessary, and I don’t think they’re for everybody.

I just like them. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:57:28 -0500</pubDate>
<guid>http://fitmarker.com/supplementation/of-super-nerds-and-supplements-why-you-dont-need-a-bunch-of-supplements-for-health/</guid>
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